VIOLATION OF A PROTECTIVE ORDER

A person commits the offense of violation of a protective order when the protective order has been issued on behalf of a protected person and when he or she commits an act of family violence, when he or she communicates directly with the protected person or a member of the protected person's family, when he or she goes near the protected person's residence or employment, or when he or she possesses a firearm.

Search & Seizure - Abandoned Property

The right under the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution to be secure against unreasonable searches and seizures is based upon an expectation of privacy in a person's property. If the person abandons his or her property, he or she no longer has an expectation of privacy in the property.

CREDIT CARD OR DEBIT CARD ABUSE

A person commits the offense of credit card or debit card abuse when he or she presents a credit card or a debit card knowing that the card was not issued to him or her or that the card had expired or was revoked, uses a fictitious credit card or debit card with the intent to obtain a benefit, steals a credit card or a debit card knowing that it was stolen, buys a credit card or a debit card knowing that the person who is selling the card is not the cardholder, sells a credit card or a debit card without being the issuer, or signs or uses another person's credit card or debit card without the other person's consent. The offense may also be committed by possessing a credit card or a debit card that has not been issued to the person.

Eyewitness Identification of the Defendant and Defendant's Fifth and Sixth Amendment Rights

There are various methods in which an eyewitness may identify a defendant. Both in-court and out-of-court identifications may be permitted during a criminal trial.

PARDONS

A pardon is an act on the part of a state's governor that exempts a defendant from punishment that has been assessed by a trial court. A pardon is also known as an act of clemency. State constitutions generally set forth a governor's power to grant pardons. Some state constitutions allow the governor to grant pardons in all criminal cases, except for cases involving treason or impeachment.